[1] Ascanio, G. (2015). Mixing time in stirred vessels: A review of experimental techniques, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 23(7), 1065–1076. doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2014.10.022
[2] Chowpani, M., Gheibi, S., Taqvi, M. & Sadegh Moghads, J. (2009). Effect of impeller type on mixing time in stirred tanks, Journal of Iranian Chemical Engineering, 8(40), 60–65, [In Persian].
[3] Abolqasmi, H., Zaheri, M., Qanadi Maragheh, M. & Zaheri, P. (2009). Investigation of the parameters affecting droplet size in stirred tanks, Journal of Iranian Chemical Engineering, 8(41), [In Persian].
[4] Ahmadi, M. H., Sadegh Moghads, J. & Atai, E. (2020). Investigation of the operating conditions affecting the reactive mixing of acid-base in a stirred tank by PIV/PLIF laser method, Journal of Iranian Chemical Engineering, 19(110), 6–18, [In Persian].
[5] Hewitt, G. F. & Vassilicos, J. C. (2005). Prediction of Turbulent Flows, 1st edition, Cambridge University Press, England.
[6] Vuorinen, V. & Keskinen, K. (2016). DNSLab: A gateway to turbulent flow simulation in Matlab, Computer Physics Communications, 203, 278–289. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2016.02.023
[7] Azadani, L. N. & Staples, A. E. (2015). Large-eddy simulation of turbulent barotropic flows in spectral space on a sphere, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 72(5), 1727–1742. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-14-0183.1
[8] Pope, S. B. (2000). Turbulent flows, 1st Edition, Cambridge University Press, England.
[9] Leonard, A. (1975). Energy cascade in large-eddy simulations of turbulent fluid flows, Advances in Geophysics, 18, 237–248. doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60464-1
[10] Clark, R. A., Ferziger, J. H. & Reynolds, W. C. (1979). Evaluation of subgrid-scale models using an accurately simulated turbulent flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 91(1), 1–16. doi:10.1017/S002211207900001X
[11] Mahdizadeh Ghohe, F. & Azadani, L .N. (2023). Historical evolution of eddy viscosity models in large eddy simulation of turbulent flows, Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 32(3), 31–44. doi:10.30506/MMEP.2023.2007063.2097
[12] Smagorinsky, J. (1963). General circulation experiments with the primitive equations: I. The basic experiment, Monthly Weather Review, 91(3), 99–164. doi:10.1126/science.12.306.731-a
[13] Eggels, J. G. M. (1996). Direct and large-eddy simulation of turbulent fluid flow using the lattice-Boltzmann scheme, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 17(3), 307–323. doi:10.1016/0142-727X(96)00044-6
[14] Kersebaum, J., Flaischlen, S., Hofinger, J. & Wehinger, G. D. (2024). Simulating Stirred Tank Reactor Characteristics with a Lattice Boltzmann CFD Code, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 47(3), 586–595. doi:10.1002/ceat.202300384
[15] Lu, Z., Liao, Y., Qian, D., McLaughlin, J. B., Derksen, J. J. & Kontomaris, K. (2002). Large eddy simulations of a stirred tank using the lattice Boltzmann method on a nonuniform grid, Journal of Computational Physics, 181(2), 675–704. doi:10.1006/jcph.2002.7151
[16] He, X., Luo, L. S. & Dembo, M. (1996). Some progress in lattice Boltzmann method. Part I. Nonuniform mesh grids, Journal of Computational Physics, 129(2), 357–363. doi:10.1006/jcph.1996.0255
[17] Revstedt, J., Fuchs, L. & Trägardh, C. (1998). Large eddy simulations of the turbulent flow in a stirred reactor, Chemical Engineering Science, 53(24), 4041–4053. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00203-6
[18] Zhang, Y., Yang, C. & Mao, Z. (2006). Large eddy simulation of liquid flow in a stirred tank with improved inner-outer iterative algorithm, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 14(3), 321–329. doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(06)60078-5
[19] Fan, J. Y., Wang & W. F. (2007). Large Eddy Simulations of Flow Instabilities in a Stirred Tank Generated by a Rushton Turbine, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 15(2), 200–208. doi.org/10.1016/S1004-9541(07)60059-7
[20] Zamankhan, P. (2010). Large eddy simulation and PIV experiments of air-water mixing tanks, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 15(6), 1511–1525. doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2009.06.021
[21] Li, Z., Hu, M., Bao, Y. & Gao, Z. (2012). Particle image velocimetry experiments and large eddy simulations of merging flow characteristics in dual Rushton turbine stirred tanks, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 51(5), 2438–2450. doi:10.1021/ie201579t
[22] Giacomelli, J. J. & Van den Akker, H. E. A. (2020). Time Scales and Turbulent Spectra above the Base of Stirred Vessels from Large Eddy Simulations, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 105(1), 31–62. doi:10.1007/s10494-019-00095-z
[23] Delafosse, A., Morchain, J., Guiraud, P. & Liné, A. (2009). Trailing vortices generated by a Rushton turbine: Assessment of URANS and large Eddy simulations, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 87(4), 401–411. doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2008.12.018
[24] Derksen, J. & Van Den Akker, H. E. A. (1999). Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena Large Eddy Simulations on the Flow Driven by a Rushton Turbine, Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena, 45(2), 209–221. doi: 10.1002/aic.690450202
[25] Derksen, J. J., Kontomaris, K., McLaughlin, J. B. & Van den Akker, H. E. A. (2007). Large-eddy simulations of single-phase flow dynamics and mixing in an industrial crystallizer, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 85(2), 169–179. doi:10.1205/cherd06025
[26] Bakker, A., Oshinowo, L. M. & Marshall, E. M. (2000). The Use of Large Eddy Simulation to Study Stirred Vessel Hydrodynamics, 10th European Conferance of Mixing, 247–254
[27] Bakker, A. & Oshinowo, L. M. (2004). Modelling of turbulence in Stirred Vessels using Large Eddy Simulation, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 82, 1169–1178. doi:10.1205/cerd.82.9.1169.44153
[28] Yeoh, S. L., Papadakis, G. & Yianneskis, M. (2004). Numerical simulation of turbulent flow characteristics in a stirred vessel using the LES and RANS approaches with the sliding/deforming mesh methodology, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 82(7), 834–848. doi:10.1205/0263876041596751
[29] Yeoh, S. L., Papadakis, G., Lee, K. C. & Yianneskis, M. (2004). Large Eddy Simulation of turbulent flow in a Rushton impeller stirred reactor with sliding-deforming mesh methodology, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 27(3), 257–263. doi:10.1002/ceat.200401994
[30] Yeoh, S. L., Papadakis, G. & Yianneskis, M. (2005). Determination of mixing time and degree of homogeneity in stirred vessels with large eddy simulation, Chemical Engineering Science, 60(8-9), 2293–2302. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.10.048
[31] Min, J. & Gao, Z. (2006). Large eddy simulations of mixing time in a stirred tank, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 14(1), 1–7. doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(06)60030-X
[32] Devi, T. T. & Kumar, B. (2015). Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow in Stirred Tank with a Curved Blade Impeller, Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 24(2), 152–168. doi:10.1134/S181023281502006X
[33] Janiga, G. (2019). Large-eddy simulation and 3D proper orthogonal decomposition of the hydrodynamics in a stirred tank, Chemical Engineering Science, 201, 132–144. doi:10.1016/
j.ces.2019.01.058
[34] Alcamo, R., Micale, G., Grisafi, F., Brucato, A. & Ciofalo, M. (2005). Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow in an unbaffled stirred tank driven by a Rushton turbine, Chemical Engineering Science, 60(8-9), 2303–2316. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.017
[35] Zamankhan, P., Huang, J. & Mousavi, S. M. (2007). Large eddy simulations of a brine-mixing tank, Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 129(3), 176–187. doi:10.1115/1.2426995
[36] Zadghaffari, R., Moghaddas, J. S. & Revstedt, J. (2010). Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow in a stirred tank driven by a Rushton turbine, Computers and Fluids, 39(7), 1183–1190. doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.03.001
[37] Wu, H. & Patterson, G. K. (1989). Laser-Doppler measurements of turbulent-flow parameters in a stirred mixer, Chemical Engineering Science, 44(10), 2207–2221. doi:10.1016/0009-2509(89)85155-3
[38] Zhang, Q., Yang, C., Mao, Z. S. & Mu, J. (2012). Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow and mixing time in a gas-liquid stirred tank, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 51(30), 10124–10131. doi:10.1021/ie202447n
[39] Meng, T., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Qin, S., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Tao, C., Xu, Y. & Liu, Z. (2024). Exploration of Multishafts Stirred Reactors: An Investigation on Experiments and Large Eddy Simulations for Turbulent Chaos and Mixing Characteristics, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 63(5), 2441–2456. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.3c04042
[40] Schumann, U. (1975). Subgrid scale model for finite difference simulations of turbulent flows in plane channels and annuli, Journal of Computational Physics, 18(4), 376–404. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(75)90093-5
[41] Germano, M., Piomelli, U., Moin, P. & Cabot, W. H. (1991). A dynamic subgridscale eddy viscosity model A dynamic subgrid-scale eddy viscosity, Physics of Fluids, 3, 1760–1765. doi:10.1063/1.857955
[42] Yoon, H. S., Balachandra, S., Ha, M. Y. & Kar, K. (2003). Large Eddy Simulation of Flow in a Stirred Tank, Fluids Engineering, 125(3), 486-499. doi:10.1115/1.1566046
[43] Yoon, H. S., Balachandar, S. & Ha, M. Y. (2009). Large eddy simulation of flow in an unbaffled stirred tank for different Reynolds numbers, Physics of Fluids, 21, 085102. doi:10.1063/1.3210776
[44] Jahoda, M., Mostek, M., Kukukova, A. & Machon, V. (2007). CFD Modelling of Liquid Homogenization in Stirred Tanks With One and Two Impellers Using Large Eddy Simulation, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 85(5), 616–625. doi:10.1205/cherd06183
[45] Lamarque, N., Zoppé, B., Lebaigue, O., Dolias, Y., Bertrand, M. & Ducros, F. (2010). Large-eddy simulation of the turbulent free-surface flow in an unbaffled stirred tank reactor, Chemical Engineering Science, 65(15), 4307–4322. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2010.03.014
[46] Malik, S., Lévêque, E., Bouaifi, M., Gamet, L., Flottes, E., Simoëns, S. & El-Hajem, M. (2016). Shear improved Smagorinsky model for large eddy simulation of flow in a stirred tank with a Rushton disk turbine, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 108, 69–80. doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2016.02.035
[47] Ramírez-Cruz, J., Salinas-Vázquez, M., Ascanio, G., Vicente-Rodríguez, W. & Lagarza-Córtes, C. (2020). Mixing dynamics in an uncovered unbaffled stirred tank using Large-Eddy Simulations and a passive scalar transport equation, Chemical Engineering Science, 222, 115658. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2020.115658
[48] Rave, K., Lehmenkühler, M., Wirz, D., Bart, H. J. & Skoda, R. (2021). 3D flow simulation of a baffled stirred tank for an assessment of geometry simplifications and a scale-adaptive turbulence model, Chemical Engineering Science. 231, 116262. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2020.116262
[49] Montante, G., Lee, K. C., Brucato, A. & Yianneskis, M. (2001). Numerical simulations of the dependency of flow pattern on impeller clearance in stirred vessels, Chemical Engineering Science, 56(12), 3751–3770. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(01)00089-6
[50] Gu, D., Xu, H., Ye, M. & Wen, L. (2022). Design of impeller blades for intensification on fluid mixing process in a stirred tank, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 138, 104475. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104475
[51] Jia, Z., Zhang, S., Fang, K., Kong, B., Xie, M., Zhang, Q. & Yang, C. (2024). Assessment of stress-blended eddy simulation on prediction of flow characteristics in a Rushton impeller stirred tank, Chemical Engineering Science, 284, 119442. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2023.119442
[52] Hartmann, H., Derksen, J. J., Montavon, C., Pearson, J., Hamill, I. S. & Van den Akker, H. E. A. (2004). Assessment of large eddy and RANS stirred tank simulations by means of LDA, Chemical Engineering Science, 59(12), 2419–2432. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.01.065
[53] Li, Z., Song, G., Bao, Y. & Zhengming, G. (2013). Stereo-PIV Experiments and Large Eddy Simulations of Flow Fields in Stirred Tanks with Rushton and Curved-Blade Turbines, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 59(4), 215–228. doi:10.1002/aic
