مهندسی شیمی ایران

مهندسی شیمی ایران

مروری بر تبدیل فوتوکاتالیستی CO2 با استفاده ازفوتوکاتالیست‏های TiO2 اصلاح‌شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه تهران
2 استادیار مهندسی شیمی، پژوهشگاه نیرو
چکیده
فرایند احیای فوتوکاتالیستی دی­اکسیدکربن علاوه‌بر تبدیل انرژی پاک خورشیدی به مواد با ارزش افزوده، گاز گلخانه­ای دی‏اکسید‏کربن را نیز کاهش می­دهد. TiO2 پرکاربردترین فوتوکاتالیست مورد استفاده در این فرایند است؛ اما انرژی باندگپ بزرگ و نرخ بالای بازترکیب جفت الکترون- حفره در TiO2 نیازمند اصلاح است. در این مقاله روش‌های اصلاح TiO2 مانند ترکیب با نیمه‏رساناها و دوپ عناصر فلزی و نافلزی و ویژگی‏های ساختاری و عملکرد فوتوکاتالیست‏های TiO2 اصلاح‌شده با تمرکز بر رفتارهای انتقال بار، بررسی شده است. انواع فوتوراکتورها شامل بستر ثابت، غشایی، دوغابی و غیره نیز بررسی شده‏اند. دوپینگ با فلز و نافلز بازده محصول را تا 207 برابر افزایش می‏دهد. TiO2 اصلاح‌شده به‌روش دوپینگ با فلزات گران‏بها عملکرد بالایی دارد. می‏توان از دوپ‌کردن مواد ارزان‏قیمت‏تر مانند g-C3N4 برای دست‌یابی به عملکردی مشابه بهره جست. هم‌چنین، بازده راکتورهای مونولیت به‌ترتیب 23 و 14 برابر بیشتر از راکتورهای دوغابی و بستر ثابت است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

A Review on Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 Over Modified TiO2 Photocatalysts

نویسندگان English

A. Taghiloo 1
A. S. Larimi 2
1 M. Sc. Student of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran
2 Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, Niroo Research Institute
چکیده English

The process of photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide converts clean solar energy to value-added materials, while reduces the carbon dioxide greenhouse gas. TiO2 is the most widely used semiconductor in this process. However, its large bandgap energy and high rate of electron-hole pair recombination needs to be modified. In this review article, ways to modify TiO2, such as combining with semiconductors and doping metallic and non-metallic elements, as well as the structural features and performance of modified TiO2 photocatalysts with a special focus on charge transfer behavior have been investigated. Various types of photoreactors, including fixed bed, membrane, slurry, etc., have been investigated. Doping with metal and non-metal increases the yield of the product up to 207 times. TiO2 modified by doping with precious metals have high performance. Doping cheaper materials such as g-C3N4 can be employed to achieve similar performance. Moreover, the efficiency of monolith reactors is 23 and 14 times higher than slurry and fixed bed reactors, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

CO2 Reduction
TiO2 Modification
Doping
Heterojunction
Photocatalyst
Photoreactor

 

[1]        Larimi, A. S., Alavi, S. M., "Partial Oxidation of Methane over Ni/CeZrO₂ Mixed Oxide Solid Solution Catalysts," International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 6-9, (2012).
[2]        Foo, D. C. Y., Tan, R. R., "Process Integration Approaches to planning carbon management networks", First edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, London, p. 173, (2020).
[3]        Choi, M. J., Cho, D. H., "Research activities on the utilization of carbon dioxide in Korea", Clean - Soil, Air, Water, Vol. 36, pp. 426–432, (2008).
[4]        Wilcox, J., "Carbon capture", Springer Science, Springer NewYork Dordrecht Heidelberg London, (2012).
[5]        Styring, P., Quadrelli, E. A., Armstrong, K., "Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: closing the carbon cycle", First Edition, Elsevier, Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 I GB, UK 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA, p. 336, (2015).
[6]        Simakov, D. S. A., "Renewable Synthetic Fuels and Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide, Springer Briefs in Energy, The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland, p. 75, (2017).
[7]        Francis, A., Priya, S. S., Kumar, S. H., Sudhakar, K., Tahir, M., "A review on recent developments in solar photoreactors for carbon dioxide conversion to fuels", Journal of CO2 Utilization, Vol. 47, p. 101515, (2021).
[8]        Ma, Y., Wang, Z., Xu,X., Wang, J., "Review on porous nanomaterials for adsorption and photocatalytic conversion of CO2", Chinese Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 38, pp. 1956–1969, (2017).
[9]        Ohtani, B., "Photocatalysis A to Z-What we know and what we do not know in a scientific sense", Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, Vol. 11, pp. 157–178, (2010).
[10]      Etacheri, V., Valentin, C. Di., Schneider, J., Bahnemann, D., Pillai, S. C., "Visible-light activation of TiO2 photocatalysts: Advances in theory and experiments", Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry, Vol. 25, pp. 1–29, (2015).
[11]      Ameta, R., Ameta, S. C., "Photocatalysis: principles and applications", CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business, (2017)
[12]      Tahir, M., Amin N S., "Indium-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O vapors to CH4", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 162, pp. 98–109, (2015).
[13]      Ola, O., Maroto-Valer, M. M., "Review of material design and reactor engineering on TiO2 photocatalysis for CO2 reduction", Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, Vol. 24, pp. 16–42, (2015).
[14]      Abdullah, H., Rahman Khan, Md. M., Ong, H. R., Yaakob, Z., "Modified TiO2 photocatalyst for CO2 photocatalytic reduction: An overview", Journal of CO₂ Utilization, Vol. 22, pp. 15–32, (2017).
[15]      Assadi, M. H. N., Hanaor, D. A. H., "The effects of copper doping on photocatalytic activity at (101) planes of anatase TiO2-: A theoretical study", Applied surface science, Vol. 387, pp. 682–689, (2016).
[16]      Bingham, S., Daoud, W. A., "Recent advances in making nano-sized TiO2 visible-light active through rare-earth metal doping", Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, pp. 2041–2050, ( 2011).
[17]      Low, J., Cheng, B., Yu, J., "Surface modification and enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of TiO2: a review", Applied surface science, Vol. 392, pp. 658–686, (2017).
[18]      Zhang, Q., Gao, T., Andino, J. M., Li, Y., "Copper and iodine co-modified TiO2 nanoparticles for improved activity of CO2 photoreduction with water vapor", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 123–124, pp. 257–264, (2012).
[19]      Srinivas, B., Shubhamangala, B., Lalitha, K., Subrahmanyam, M., "Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 over Cu-TiO2/ molecular sieve 5A composite", Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vol. 87, pp. 995–1001, (2011).
[20]      Tahir, M., Amin, N. S., "Advances in visible light responsive titanium oxide-based photocatalysts for CO2 conversion to hydrocarbon fuels", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 76, pp. 194–214, (2013).
[21]      Rani, S., Bao, N., Roy, S. C., "Solar Spectrum Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 and Water Vapor Into Hydrocarbons Using TiO2 Nanoparticle Membranes", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 289, pp. 203–208, (2014).
[22]      Kumar, S. G., Devi, L. G., "Review on modified TiO2 photocatalysis under UV/visible light: Selected results and related mechanisms on interfacial charge carrier transfer dynamics", physical chemistry, Vol. 115, pp. 13211–13241,( 2011).
[23]      Liu, L., Zhao, H., Andino, J. M., Li, Y., "Photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O on TiO2nanocrystals: Comparison of anatase, rutile, and brookite polymorphs and exploration of surface chemistry", ACS catalysis, Vol. 2, pp. 1817–1828, (2012).
[24]      Gao, Y., Wang, H., Wu, J., Zhao, R., Lu, Y., Xin, B., "Controlled facile synthesis and photocatalytic activity of ultrafine high crystallinity TiO2 nanocrystals with tunable anatase/rutile ratios", Applied surface science, Vol. 294, pp. 36–41, (2014).
[25]      Wang, S., Lian, J. S., Zheng, W. T., Jiang, Q., "Photocatalytic property of Fe doped anatase and rutile TiO2 nanocrystal particles prepared by sol-gel technique", Applied surface science, Vol. 263, pp. 260–265, (2012).
[26]      Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Navalon, S., Corma, A., Garcia, H., "Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by TiO2 and related titanium containing solids", Energy Environmental science, Vol. 5, pp. 9217–9233, (2012).
[27]      Kočí, K., Zatloukalovà, K., Obalovà, L.,Kref-Íkovà, S., Hospodkovà, A., "Wavelength effect on photocatalytic reduction of CO2 by Ag/TiO2 catalyst", Chinese Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 32, pp. 812–815, (2011).
[28]      Shin, E., Kim, J., Hong, J., "Preparation of K-doped TiO2 nanostructures by wet corrosion and their sunlight-driven photocatalytic performance", Applied surface science, Vol. 379, pp. 33–38, (2016).
[29]      Samsudin, E. M., Abd Hamid, S. B., Juan, J. C., Basirun, W. J., Centi, G., "Synergetic effects in novel hydrogenated F-doped TiO2 photocatalysts", Applied surface science, Vol. 370, pp. 380–393, (2016).
[30]      Gopinath, K. P., Madhav, N. V., Krishnan, A., Malolan, R., Rangarajan, G., "Present applications of titanium dioxide for the photocatalytic removal of pollutants from water: A review", Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 270, p. 110906, (2020).
[31]      Kuyumcu, O. K., Kibar, E., Dayioʇlu, K., Gedik, F. Akin, A. N., Aydino-lu, S. O., "A comparative study for removal of different dyes over M/TiO2(M = Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Cr) photocatalysts under visible light irradiation", Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 311, pp. 176–185, (2015).
[32]      Zhang, Z., Huang, Z., Cheng, X., Wang, Q., Chen, Y., Dong, P., "Product selectivity of visible-light photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide using titanium dioxide doped by different
nitrogen-sources", Applied surface science, Vol. 355, pp. 45–51, (2015).
[33]      Koirala, A. R., Docao, S., Lee, S. B., Yoon, K. B., "Fate of methanol under one-pot artificial photosynthesis condition with metal-loaded TiO2 as photocatalysts", Catalysis Today, Vol. 243, pp. 235–250, (2014).
[34]      Feng, X., Paulose , M., Komarneni, S., Bao, N., "Synthesis and deposition of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles within high aspect ratio TiO2 nanotube arrays: Application to the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide", Materials Chemistry., Vol. 21, pp. 13429–13433, (2011).
[35]      Sim, L. C., Leong, K. H., Saravanan, P., Ibrahim, S., "Rapid thermal reduced graphene oxide/Pt–TiO2 nanotube arrays for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic reduction of CO2", Applied surface science, Vol. 358, pp. 122–129, (2015).
[36]      Meng, X., Ouyang , S., Kako , T., Li, P., Wang, T., "Photocatalytic CO2 conversion over alkali modified TiO2 without loading noble metal cocatalyst", ChemComm, Vol. 50, pp. 11517–11519, (2014).
[37]      Liu, L., Zhao, C., Zhao, H., Pitts, D., Li, Y., "Porous Microspheres of MgO-Patched TiO2 for CO2 Photoreduction with H2O Vapor: Temperature-Dependent Activity and Stability", Chemical Communications.
[38]      Yu, C., Zhou, W., Yu, J. C., Liu, H., Wei, L., "Design and fabrication of heterojunction photocatalysts for energy conversion and pollutant degradation", Chinese journal of catalysis, Vol. 35, pp. 1609–1618, (2014).
[39]      Xi, G., Ouyang, S., Ye, J., "General synthesis of hybrid TiO2 mesoporous ‘french fries’ toward improved photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuel: A case of TiO2/ZnO", Chemistry A European journal, Vol. 17, pp. 9057–9061, (2011).
[40]      Lee, K. Y., Sato, K., Mohamed, A. R., "Facile synthesis of anatase-rutile TiO2 composites with enhanced CO2 photoreduction activity and the effect of Pt loading on product selectivity", Materials Letters, Vol. 163, pp. 240–243, (2016).
[41]      Zhao, Y., Huang, H., Yang, L., Wang, S., "Fabrication of BiOBr nanosheets@TiO2 nanobelts p–n junction photocatalysts for enhanced visible-light activity", Applied surface science, Vol. 365, pp. 209–217, (2016).
[42]      Hisatomi, T., Kubota, J., Domen, K., "Recent advances in semiconductors for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting", Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 43, pp. 7520–7535, (2014).
[43]      Song, G., Xin, F., Yin, X., "Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide over ZnFe2O4/TiO2 nanobelts heterostructure in cyclohexanol", Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 442, pp. 60–66, (2015).
[44]      Gui, M. M., Chai, S. P., Xu, B. Q., Mohamed, A. R., "Enhanced visible light responsive MWCNT/TiO2 core–shell nanocomposites as the potential photocatalyst for reduction of CO2 into methane", Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Vol. 122, pp. 183–189, (2014).
[45]      Low, J., Yu, J., Ho, W., "Graphene-Based Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to Solar Fuel", The journal of physical chemistry letters, Vol. 6, pp. 4244–4251, (2015).
[46]      Fan, W., Tahir, K. M. "Recent developments in photothermal reactors with understanding on the role of light/heat for CO2 hydrogenation to fuels: A review", Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 427, p. 131617, (2022).
[47]      Li, K., An, X., Park, K. H Khraisheh, M. Tang, J., "A critical review of CO2 photoconversion: Catalysts and reactors", Catalysis Today, Vol. 224, pp. 3–12, (2014).
[48]      Alaba, P. A., Abbas, A., Daud, W. M. W., "Insight into catalytic reduction of CO2: Catalysis and reactor design", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 140,
pp. 1298–1312,(2017).
[49]      Ochedi, F. O., Liu, D., Yu, J. Hussain, A. Liu, Y., "Photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide: a review", Environmental Chemistry Letters, Vol. 19, pp. 941–967, (2021).
[50]      Cheng, X., Chen, R., Liao, Q., He , X., Li, S., "Optofluidic membrane microreactor for photocatalytic reduction of CO2", international journal of hydrogen energy, Vol. 41, pp. 2457–2465, (2016) .
[51]      Adekoya, D. O., Tahir, M., and Amin, N. A. S., "G-C3N4/(Cu/TiO2) nanocomposite for enhanced photoreduction of CO2 to CH3OH and HCOOH under UV/visible light", Journal of CO2 Utilization, Vol. 18, pp. 261–274, (2017).
[52]      Dai, W., Hu, X., Wang, T., Xiong, W., Luo, X., Zou, J., "Hierarchical CeO2 /Bi2MoO6 heterostructured nanocomposites for photoreduction of CO2 into hydrocarbons under visible light irradiation", Applied surface science, Vol. 434, pp. 481–491, (2018).
[53]      Tasbihi, M., Fresno, F., Simon , U., Escudero, C., "On the selectivity of CO2 photoreduction towards CH4 using Pt/TiO2 catalysts supported on mesoporous silica", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 239, pp. 68–76, (2018).
[54]      Zhu, Z., Huang, W. R., Chen, C. Y., Wu, R. J. "Preparation of Pd-Au/TiO2-WO3 to enhance photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 and CO", Journal of CO2 Utilization, Vol. 28, pp. 247–254, (2018).
[55]      Mou, Q., Guo, Z. Chai, Y. Liu, B., Liu, C., "Visible-light assisted production of hydrocarbon fuels from carbon dioxide using Cu2O@MnCo2O4 heterojunction", Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 623, p. 126707, (2021).
[56]      Prachumsai, W., Pangtaisong, S., Assabumrungrat, S., Bunruam. P., Saebea, D., "Carbon dioxide reduction to synthetic fuel on zirconia supported copper-based catalysts and gibbs free energy minimization: Methanol and dimethyl ether synthesis", Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 9, p. 104979, (2021).,
[57]      Liao, W., Chen, W., Zhu, S., Liang , S., "Rationally designed ultrathin Ni(OH)2/titanate nanosheet heterostructure for photocatalytic CO2 reduction", Green Chemical Engineering, pp. 0–9, (2021).
[58]      Kamal, K. M., Narayan, R., Chandran, N., Kovac, J., Bele, M., Likozar, B., "Synergistic enhancement of photocatalytic CO2 reduction by plasmonic Au nanoparticles on TiO2 decorated N-graphene heterostructure catalyst for high selectivity methane production", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 307, (2022).
[59]      rodriguez, L. I. I., Lu´evano-Hip´olito, E., Collins-Martínez, H., "Formic acid and hydrogen generation from the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on visible light activated N-TiO2 / CeO2 / CuO composites", Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vol. 11, (2022).
[60]      Foo, D. C. Y., Tan, R. R., "Process integration approaches to planning carbon management networks", First edition, CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, p. 173, (2020).