آئروژل‌های سیلیکایی بر پایۀ سیلیکات سدیم و کاربرد آن‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

استادیار مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه یزد

چکیده

آئروژل­های سیلیکا، مواد نانومتخلخل متشکل از یک شبکۀ سه­ بعدی با ساختار حفره‌های باز و ویژگی­های استثنایی مانند چگالی کم، تخلخل زیاد، رسانایی حرارتی کم، سطح ویژۀ زیاد، ضریب شکست کم و انتقال نوری بالا هستند. این خواص بی‌همتا ظرفیت عظیمی را برای کاربردهای گوناگون مانند مواد عایق، کاتالیزورها، اپتیک‌ها، جاذب­ها و سامانه‌های انتقال دارو فراهم می­کند. روش متداول برای تهیۀ این‌گونه مواد، فرایند سل-ژل و به‌دنبال آن خشک‌کردن فوق بحرانی، خشک‌شدن در فشار محیط است. با درک بهتر مشخصه‌های فرایندی وابسته به‌هم مانند pH سل سیلیکا، زمان و دمای پیرسازی، شست‌وشو، تبادل حلال، اصلاح سطحی و تنظیم این مشخصه‌ها می­توان آئروژل­هایی با کیفیت عالی بسته‌به کاربرد مورد نظر تولید کرد. در مطالعۀ پیش رو، تهیۀ آئروژل‌های سیلیکایی با استفاده از سیلیکات سدیم، سازوکار تشکیل ژل، اثر مشخصه‌های فرایندی بر ساختار حفره‌ها و درنتیجه خواص آئروژل مرور شده است. در پایان نیز مهم‌ترین کاربردهای آئروژل سیلیکا در علوم مهندسی و نمونه‌های پیشرفت­های اخیر در این زمینه ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Silica Aerogel Based on Sodium Silicate and Their Application

نویسنده [English]

  • Z. Daneshfar
Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, Yazd University
چکیده [English]

Silica aerogels are nanoporous materials with an open-pore structure and interesting properties such as low density, high porosity, low thermal conductivity, high specific surface area, low refractive index and high optical transmission. These unique properties provide enormous potential for a variety of applications such as insulators, catalysts, optics, adsorbents and drug delivery systems. A common method for preparing silica aerogels is the sol-gel process, followed by supercritical drying/ ambient pressure drying. Better understanding of mutually dependent processing parameters and their adjustment such as type of precursor, molar ratio of components, pH of silica solution, aging and washing time, solvent exchange process and surface modification can produce good quality aerogels depending on their application. In the present study, a review on the preparation of silica aerogels using sodium silicate, the mechanism of gel formation and the effect of process parameters on the structure and their properties are presented. Finally, the most important applications of silica aerogel in engineering sciences and recent developments in this field are mentioned.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Silica Aerogel
  • Sodium Silicate
  • Sol-Gel
  • Ambient Pressure Drying
  • Properties & Application

 

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