مهندسی شیمی ایران

مهندسی شیمی ایران

تصفیۀ آزمایشگاهی فاضلاب دارویی حاوی آنتی‌بیوتیک بااستفادهاز فرایند اکسایش پیشرفتۀ فنتون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار شیمی تجزیه، پژوهشکدۀ محیط زیست جهاد دانشگاهی
2 دانشجوی دکتری شیمی تجزیه، پژوهشکدۀ محیط زیست جهاد دانشگاهی
3 استادیار محیط زیست، پژوهشکدۀ محیط زیست جهاد دانشگاهی
4 کارشناس شیمی کاربردی، دانشگاه گیلان
چکیده
در صنایع دارویی و بیمارستان‌ها آنتی­بیوتیک­ها کاربرد زیاد دارند و پساب این صنایع، دارای مقدار زیادی از این آلاینده‌ها است. در این پژوهش، بررسی میزان تصفیه‌پذیری پساب دارویی ترکیبی از سه آنتی­بیوتیک کلاریترومایسن، سفیکسیم و اکسیتتراسایکلین بااستفادهاز فرایند اکسایش پیشرفتۀ فنتون مطالعهشد. مقدار اکسیژن‌خواهی شیمیایی (COD) نمونۀ پساب خام حدودmg/L 570 و اکسیژن‌خواهی بیولوژیکی (BOD) آن حدود mg/L 305 آنالیزشد. شاخصCOD به‌عنوان مشخصۀ هدف انتخاب‌شد. در فرایند فنتون مشخصههای تأثیرگذار مانند اثر pH اولیه، غلظت اکسیدکنندۀ هیدروژن پراکسید (H2O2)، غلظت کاتالیزور Fe2+و زمان انجام واکنش در حذف COD آنتی­بیوتیک­ها، بررسی و سپس، شرایط بهینه برای هر کدام از مشخصهها تعیینشد. براساس نتایج، مقادیر بهینـۀ شاخص‌های عملیاتی فراینـد فنتون شامل غلظت اکسنده برابر باmg/L 250، کاتالیزور Fe2+ با غلظت mg/L500، pH برابر با 3 و زمان انجام واکنش 45 دقیقه بود و نسبت بهینۀ Fe2+/H2O2 برابر با 2 به‌دستآمد. در شرایط بهینه، مقدار حذف آلودگی COD پساب دارای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های مورد نظر با فرایند اکسایش پیشرفتۀ فنتون، حدود 90 درصد با COD خروجی حدود mg/L 56 حاصلشد. نتایج، بیانگر این نکته است که می‌توان بااستفادهاز فرایند تصفیۀ اکسایش پیشرفته بهروش فنتون، پساب صنایع دارویی حاوی آنتی‌بیوتیک را تصفیه‌کرد و به مقادیر بار آلایندگی COD کمتر از استاندارد محیط زیستی برای تخلیۀ پساب تصفیهشده به آبهای سطحی دستیافت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Laboratory-Scale Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Containing Antibiotics Using the Fenton Advanced Oxidation Process

نویسندگان English

F. Ostovar 1
M. Tavakoli 2
N. Abedinzadeh 3
S. Yousefzadeh Lakhtaki 4
1 Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research
2 PhD. Student of Analytical Chemistry, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research
3 Assistant Professor of Environmental Science, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research
4 BSc. in Applied Chemistry, University of Guilan
چکیده English

Antibiotics are extensively used in pharmaceutical industries and hospitals, leading to the discharge of wastewater containing high levels of these pollutants. In this study, the treatability of pharmaceutical wastewater containing a mixture of three antibiotics clarithromycin, cefixime, and oxytetracycline was investigated using the Fenton advanced oxidation process. The raw wastewater had an initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) of approximately 570 mg/L and a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of about 305 mg/L. COD was selected as the target parameter for treatment efficiency assessment. Key operational parameters, including initial pH, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration, ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) dosage, and reaction time, were evaluated to determine their effects on COD removal. Optimization results showed that the best removal was achieved at pH 3, H₂O₂ concentration of 250 mg/L, Fe²⁺ concentration of 500 mg/L, and a reaction time of 45 minutes, with an optimal Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ ratio of 2. Under these conditions, approximately 90% of COD was removed, reducing the final COD to about 56 mg/L. These results indicate that the Fenton process is highly effective for treating antibiotic-contaminated pharmaceutical wastewater to meet environmental discharge standards.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Pharmaceutical Wastewater
Fenton Process
Antibiotics
COD
Hydrogen Peroxide
[1]        Foladifard, A., Yeganeh, J., Hashemzadeh, B., & Fanai. (2019). Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in Water and Wastewater Resources. Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering, 4(4), 5-15,[In Persian].
[2]        Samrot, A. V., Wilson, S., Sanjay Preeth, R. S., Prakash, P., Sathiyasree, M., Saigeetha, S., ... & Rajesh, V. V. (2023). Sources of antibiotic contamination in wastewater and approaches to their removal—An overview. Sustainability, 15(16), 12639.
[3]        Hubeny, J., Harnisz, M., Korzeniewska, E., Buta, M., Zieliński, W., Rolbiecki, D., ... & Płaza, G. (2021). Industrialization as a source of heavy metals and antibiotics which can enhance the antibiotic resistance in wastewater, sewage sludge and river water. PloS one, 16(6), e0252691.
[4]        Cuerda-Correa, E. M., Alexandre-Franco, M. F., & Fernández-González, C. (2019). Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of antibiotics from water. An overview. Water, 12(1), 102.
[5]        Safari, G. H., Nasseri, S., Mahvi, A. H., Yaghmaeian, K., Nabizadeh, R., & Alimohammadi, M. (2015). Optimization of sonochemical degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solution using sono-activated persulfate process. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13, 1-15.
[6]        Das, A., & Adak, M. K. (2022). Photo-catalyst for wastewater treatment: A review of modified Fenton, and their reaction kinetics. Applied Surface Science Advances, 11, 100282.
[7]        Mishra, S., & Sundaram, B. (2023). A review of the photocatalysis process used for wastewater treatment. Materials Today: Proceedings.
[8]        Taghilou, A., & Larimi, A. S. (2023). A review on photocatalytic conversion of CO2 using modified TiO2 photocatalysts. Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal, 22(128), 121-134, [In Persian].
[9]        Abedi, F., Allahyari, S., & Rahemi, N. (2013). Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using low-cost photocatalysts of copper oxide-clinoptilolite ion-exchanged under visible light. Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal, 22(128), 144-135, [In Persian].
[10]      Liu, M., Wan, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, J., & Li, X. (2024). Robust photoelectrocatalytic degradation of antibiotics by organic-inorganic PDISA/Bi2WO6 S-scheme heterojunction membrane. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12(2), 112328.
[11]      Bing, J., Hu, C., & Zhang, L. (2017). Enhanced mineralization of pharmaceuticals by surface oxidation over mesoporous γ-Ti-Al2O3 suspension with ozone. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 202, 118-126.
[12]      Kargar, Fatemeh, Bemani, Akram, Sayadi, Mohammad Hossein, & Ahmadpour, Najmeh. (1403). Antibiotics, their distribution routes and new methods for their removal from aquatic environments. Quarterly Journal of Water Resources Engineering, 17(60), 27-52, [In Persian].
[13]      Pourbaba, M., & Soleimani, M. (1402). A review on the application of hydrodynamic cavitation method in combination with other advanced oxidation processes for color removal. Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal, 22(130), 71-89, [In Persian].
[14]      Kanaani, F., Tavakoli, B., Pendashteh, A. R., Chaibakhsh, N., & Ostovar, F. (2021). Coagulation/Fenton oxidation combined treatment of compost leachate using quince seed mucilage as an effective biocoagulant. Environmental Technology, 42(4), 521-530.
[15]      Abedinzadeh, N., Monouri, & Shariat. (2017). Optimization of pulp and paper wastewater treatment using advanced Fenton oxidation method. Environment, 83(43), 365-377, [In Persian].
[16]      Ostovar, F., Abedinzadeh, N., Pourkarim, S., Mirblooki, H., & Yazdi, M. (2021). Combination of coagulation and oxidation processes for treatment of real fish canning wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment, 211, 131-140.
[17]      Mokhbi, Y., Korichi, M., & Akchiche, Z. (2019). Combined photocatalytic and Fenton oxidation for oily wastewater treatment. Applied Water Science, 9(2), 35.
[18]      Ostovar, F., Samadi, N., & Ansari, R. (2021). Using the advanced Fenton oxidation method to treat wastewater containing petroleum pollutants. Applied Chemistry of the Day, 16(61), 85-100, [In Persian].
[19]      Molamahmood, H. V., Geng, W., Wei, Y., Miao, J., Yu, S., Shahi, A., ... & Long, M. (2022). Catalyzed H2O2 decomposition over iron oxides and oxyhydroxides: Insights from oxygen production and organic degradation. Chemosphere, 291, 133037.
[20]      Furia, F., Minella, M., Gosetti, F., Turci, F., Sabatino, R., Di Cesare, A., ... & Vione, D. (2021). Elimination from wastewater of antibiotics reserved for hospital settings, with a Fenton process based on zero-valent iron. Chemosphere, 283, 131170.
[21]      Hossein Panahi, Ait, Kamani, Hossein, Senchouli, Fatemeh, & Hawangi, Mohammad (2017). Investigating the efficiency of ultrasonic/Fenton process in removing penicillin G antibiotic from aqueous environments by response surface method. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 5(1), 83-98, [In Persian]
[22]      Akhil, D., Lakshmi, D., Senthil Kumar, P., Vo, D. V. N., & Kartik, A. (2021). Occurrence and removal of antibiotics from industrial wastewater. Environmental chemistry letters, 19, 1477-1507.
[23]      Davarnejad, R., & Nasiri, S. (2017). Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment using an advanced oxidation process: Optimization study. Environmental Pollution, 223, 1-10.
[24]      Tony, M. A., Mansour, S. A., Tayeb, A. M., & Purcell, P. J. (2018). Use of a fenton-like process based on nano-haematite to treat synthetic wastewater contaminated by phenol: Process investigation and statistical optimization. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 43, 2227-2235.
[25]      Pawar, V., & Gawande, S. (2015). An overview of the Fenton Process for Industrial Wastewater. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 127-36.
[26]      Ghaffari, Yasman, Mahoui, Amirhossein, Alimohammadi, Mahmoud, Nabizadeh, Ramin, Mesdaghinia, Alireza, & Kazemizad, Leila (2017). Study of the efficiency of the Fenton process in removing tetracycline from synthetic wastewater. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 27(147), 305-291, [In Persian].
[27]      Jiang, Y., Ran, J., Mao, K., Yang, X., Zhong, L., Yang, C., ... & Zhang, H. (2022). Recent progress in Fenton/Fenton-like reactions for the removal of antibiotics in aqueous environments. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 236, 113464.
[28]      Pan, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, M., Cai, J., & Tian, Y. (2019). Enhanced removal of antibiotics from secondary wastewater effluents by novel UV/pre-magnetized Fe0/H2O2 process. Water research, 153, 144-159.
[29]      Expósito, A. J., Monteagudo, J. M., Díaz, I., & Durán, A. (2016). Photo-Fenton degradation of a beverage industrial effluent: intensification with persulfate and the study of radicals. Chemical Engineering Journal, 306, 1203-1211.
[30]      Environmental regulations and standards, Iranian Environmental Protection Organization, 2004,[In Persian].