مهندسی شیمی ایران

مهندسی شیمی ایران

مدل‌سازی و شبیه‌سازی دینامیکی بسترهای کاتالیستی فرایند کلاوس: تأثیر میعان مویینگی گوگرد بر غیر فعال‌شدن بستر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 استادیار مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 دانشیار مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
فرایند کلاوس اصلاح‌شده، متداول‌ترین فرایند برای حذف سولفید هیدروژن از گاز طبیعی است. با وجود پژوهش‌هایی که درزمینۀ شبیه‌سازی بسترهای کاتالیستی واحد بازیافت گوگرد انجامشدهاست، تاکنون پژوهش جامعی پیرامون تأثیر میعان مویینگی گوگرد بر غیرفعالشدن کاتالیست انجام‌نگرفتهاست. در پژوهش حاضر، مدل‌سازی و شبیه‌سازی دینامیکی فرایند تولید گوگرد در بسترهای کاتالیستی، با درنظرگرفتن واکنش‌های کلاوس و هیدرولیز انجامشد. پساز اعتبارسنجی مدل ریاضی ارائه‌شده، توزیع مشخصه‌های عملیاتی مانند دما، فشار و غلظت اجزاء با درنظرگرفتن غیر فعالشدن کاتالیست بررسیشد. نتایج حاصلاز شبیهسازی نشانداد که برای مطالعۀ موردی حاضر، حدود ۸۰ درصد کاتالیست پس‌از ۳۰۰ روز از شروع بارگذاری آن در بستر، به‌دلیل میعان مویینگی گوگرد غیر فعال می‌شود و میزان گوگرد تولیدی نیز بیشاز ۴۹ درصد کاهشمی‌یابد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Beds in the Claus Process: Impact of Capillary Condensation of Sulfur on Bed Deactivation

نویسندگان English

P. Mayelfar 1
S. H. Rajaee Shooshtari 2
A. Shahsavand 3
1 MSc. Student of Chemical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 ,Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده English

The Modified Claus process is the most common method for removing hydrogen sulfide from natural gas. Despite studies conducted on the simulation of catalytic beds in sulfur recovery units, no comprehensive research has yet been carried out on the impact of sulfur capillary condensation on catalyst deactivation. In the present study, dynamic modeling and simulation of sulfur production processes in catalytic beds were performed, considering the Claus reaction and hydrolysis. After validating the proposed mathematical model, the distribution of operational parameters such as temperature, pressure, and component concentrations, taking catalyst deactivation into account, was analyzed. The results from the simulation showed that, for the current case study, approximately 80% of the catalyst deactivates after 300 days of loading in the bed due to sulfur capillary condensation, resulting in a more than 49% reduction in sulfur production.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Sulfur Recovery Unit
Claus Process
Catalytic Beds
Mass Transfer
Dynamic Modeling
Catalyst Deactivation
Sulfur Capillary Condensation
[1]        https://www.statista.com/statistics/282717/global-natural-gas-consumption/.

[2]        Raeisi Ardali, N., Mostoufi, N., & Soleimani, M. (2023). Determining the Tail Gas Analyzer Control Loop Equations for Required Air Flow Adjustment in Sulfur Recovery Unit. Journal of Iranian Chemical Engineering, 22(126), 55-65, [In Persian].

[3]        Khazini, L., Fatehifar, E., & Alizadeh, R. (2011). Optimal method for controlling pollutants emitted from the sulfur recovery unit of an oil refinery. Journal of Iranian Chemical Engineering, 10(54), 29-39, [In Persian].

[4]        Kaloidas, V. E., & Papayannakos, N. G. (1991). Kinetic studies on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide in a tubular reactor. Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 30(2), 345-351.

[5]        Clark, P. D., Dowling, N. I., & Huang, M. (2001). Conversion of CS2 and COS over alumina and titania under Claus process conditions: reaction with H2O and SO2. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 31(2), 107-112.
[6]        Zagoruiko, A. N., & Matros, Y. S. (2002). Mathematical modelling of Claus reactors undergoing sulfur condensation and evaporation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 87(1), 73-88.
[7]        Zughbi, H. D., & Razzak, S. A. (2005). Simulation of flow and chemical reactions in a Claus sulfur converter. Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 44(26), 9828-9839.
[8]        Esfandiari, K., & Shahsavand, A. (2014). Investigation of Sulfur Recovery Efficiency of SRUs in the Presence of Heavy Aromatic Compounds. Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran, 33(3), 99-111.
[9]        Nabikandi, N. J., & Fatemi, S. (2015). Kinetic modelling of a commercial sulfur recovery unit based on Claus straight through process: Comparison with equilibrium model. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 30, 50-63.
[10]      Khatami, A., Heidari, Y., Safadoost, A., Aleghafouri, A., & Davoudi, M. (2016). The activity loss modeling of catalytic reactor of sulfur recovery unit in South Pars Gas Complex (SPGC) 3rd refinery based on percolation theory. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 28, 723-736.
[11]      Abdel-Fattah, A. S., Fateen, S. E. K., Moustafa, T. M., & Fouad, M. M. (2016). Three-dimensional CFD simulation of industrial Claus reactors. chemical engineering research and design, 112, 78-87.
[12]      Ghahraloud, H., Farsi, M., & Rahimpour, M. R. (2017). Modeling and optimization of an industrial Claus process: Thermal and catalytic section. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 76, 1-9.
[13]      Zahid, M. A., Ahsan, M., Ahmad, I., & Khan, M. N. A. (2021). Process modeling, optimization and cost analysis of a sulfur recovery unit by applying pinch analysis on the Claus process in a gas processing plant. Mathematics, 10(1), 88.
[14]      Medhat, A., Shehata, W., Gad, F., & Bhran, A. (2024). Process simulation, optimization, and cost analysis of a proposed sulfur recovery unit by applying modified Claus technology. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 71(1), 109.
[15]      Teybal, R. E., Hill, M. G., (1980,Tehran 2001). Mass transfer operation, Third edition.
[16]      Sandeep, K. C., Mohan, S., Mandal, D., & Mahajani, S. (2019). Determination of gas film mass transfer coefficient in a packed bed reactor for the catalytic combustion of hydrogen. Chemical Engineering Science, 202, 508-518.
[17]      Wakao, N., & Funazkri, T. (1978). Effect of fluid dispersion coefficients on particle-to-fluid mass transfer coefficients in packed beds: correlation of Sherwood numbers. Chemical Engineering Science, 33(10), 1375-1384.
[18]      Shahsavand, A., Ghamarudi-Asil, A., (2017). Fundamentals of the Design of Mass Transfer Processes, Volume 1, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press.
[19]      Davidson, T. A. (1993). A simple and accurate method for calculating viscosity of gaseous mixtures, 9456, US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines.
[20]      Wilke, C. R., & Lee, C. Y. (1955). Estimation of diffusion coefficients for gases and vapors. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 47(6), 1253-1257.
[21]      Babajanpour Azizi, M. (2019). Redesign of the Sulfur Recovery Unit at Khangiran Refinery and Proposal of Practical Solutions to Overcome Existing Operational Bottlenecks, Master's Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
[22]      Thomson, W. (1871). On the equilibrium of vapour at a curved surface of liquid, Philosophical Magazine.
[23]      Von Helmholtz, R. (1886). Untersuchungen über Dämpfe und Nebel, besonders über solche von Lösungen. Annalen der Physik, 263(4), 508-543.
[24]      Meng, D., Wang, B., Yu, W., Wang, W., Li, Z., & Ma, X. (2017). Effect of citric acid on MoO3/Al2O3 catalysts for sulfur-resistant methanation. Catalysts, 7(5), 151.
[25]      Adam, N. K. (1941). The physics and chemistry of surfaces.
[26]      Steudel, R. (Ed.). (2003). Elemental sulfur and sulfur-rich compounds II (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.
[27]      Tong, S., Dalla Lana, I. G., & Chuang, K. T. (1997). Effect of catalyst shape on the hydrolysis of COS and CS2 in a simulated Claus converter. Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 36(10), 4087-4093.
[28]      Scott, H., (2006). Elements of chemical reaction engineering, Fifth ed., Prentice Hall Profesional.
[29]      Khan, I. R., & Ohba, R. (1999). Closed-form expressions for the finite difference approximations of first and higher derivatives based on Taylor series. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 107(2), 179-193.