مهندسی شیمی ایران

مهندسی شیمی ایران

مروری‌بر استفاده‌از کاتالیست‌های غیرپلاتینی در فرایند تولید الفین از آلکان‌های سبک (اتان، پروپان و بوتان) در روش هیدروژن‌زدایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی ارشد مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف
2 استاد مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف
3 دانشیار مهندسی شیمی، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت
چکیده
در این مقاله، به بررسی جامع توسعه و کاربرد کاتالیست‌های غیرپلاتینی در فرایندهای هیدروژن‌زدایی از آلکان‌های سبک، نظیر اتان، پروپان و بوتان پرداخته‌شده‌است. ‌به‌دلیل نقش کلیدی الفین‌های سبک در تولید پلیمرها، مواد شیمیایی و محصولات پتروشیمی، نیازبه فرایندهای ‌سازگاربا محیط زیست و ‌کارامد ‌افزایش‌یافته‌است. پلاتین و فلزات گرانبها، ‌به‌دلیل فعالیت بالای کاتالیستی و استحکام شیمیایی استفاده‌می‌شود، اما از هزینۀ بالا، کمبود منابع و غیرفعالشدن سریع و کلوخه‌شدن رنج‌می‌برد. این چالش‌ها، انگیزۀ تحقیقات برروی کاتالیست‌های غیرپلاتینی را افزایشداده‌است که می‌تواند جایگزین‌های اقتصادی و ‌کارامدی باشد. این کاتالیست‌ها شامل فلزاتی، مانند: کروم، گالیم، زیرکونیم و کبالت است و می‌تواند عملکردی قابل مقایسه یا بهتر نسبت‌به کاتالیست‌های پلاتینی داشتهباشد. برتری‌های این کاتالیست‌ها، شامل: دسترسی آسان‌تر، قیمت پایین‌تر و مقاومتبه مسمومیت کاتالیزوری است. این پژوهش با بررسی سازوکار‌های هیدروژن‌زدایی و اهمیت آن در صنعت پتروشیمی آغاز شده و سپس، ویژگی‌ها، برتری‌ها و کاستی‌های کاتالیست‌های غیرپلاتینی موجود را توصیف و مقایسه کرده‌است. ظرفیت هر کاتالیست در بهبود کارایی فرایند ارزیابی شده و به چالش‌ها و راه‌بردهای مواجههبا آن‌ها برای توسعۀ بیشتر کاتالیست‌های غیرپلاتینی پرداختهاست.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

A Review of Non-Platinum Catalysts in the Dehydrogenation of Light Alkanes (Ethane, Propane, and Butane) to Olefins

نویسندگان English

M. Amanati 1
M. Kazemeini 2
S. Soltanali 3
S. J. Royaee 3
1 M. Sc. Student of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (SUT
2 Professor of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (SUT)
3 Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (IRIP)
چکیده English

This article presents a comprehensive review of the development and application of non-platinum catalysts in the dehydrogenation processes of light alkanes such as ethane, propane, and butane. Due to the crucial role of light olefins in the production of polymers, everyday chemicals, and petrochemical products, there is an increasing demand for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient processes. While platinum and other precious metals are traditionally used for their high catalytic activity and chemical robustness, they also come with significant drawbacks, including high cost, resource scarcity, rapid deactivation, and sintering issues. These challenges have driven research into non-platinum catalysts as economical and efficient alternatives. These catalysts, including metals such as chromium, gallium, zirconium, and cobalt, can perform comparably or even better than platinum-based catalysts under specific reaction conditions. Advantages of these catalysts include easier availability, lower cost, and resistance to catalytic poisoning, making them attractive options for industrial use. This research begins by examining the dehydrogenation mechanisms and their importance in the petrochemical industry. It then describes and compares the features, benefits, and drawbacks of existing non-platinum catalysts. Additionally, the potential of each catalyst to enhance process efficiency is evaluated, and the article discusses the challenges and strategies to address them for further development of non-platinum catalysts in the dehydrogenation industry.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dehydrogenation
Olefins
Non-Platinum Catalysts
Light Alkanes
Environmental impact
Catalytic activity
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