مروری بر مطالعات اخیر پیرامون روش‌های کنترل آبدهی در چاه‌های نفتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران

چکیده

تولید آب مازاد یکی از اصلی‌ترین مشکلات شرکت‌های نفتی است که باعث کوتاه‌شدن طول عمر چاه‌ها، افزایش خوردگی و تخریب تأسیسات می‌شود. هم‌چنین هزینۀ جداسازی، تصفیه و دفع آن بار مالی زیادی برای شرکت‌های نفتی دارد. بنا بر این، عملیات کنترل آب‌دهی ضروری است. روش‌های مکانیکی و شیمیایی مختلفی برای حل موضوع وجود دارد که در این مقاله به مرور و بررسی این روش‌ها پرداخته می‌شود. روش‌های شیمیایی بر خلاف روش‌های مکانیکی به جای انسداد آب در بالا یا زیر یک پلاگ، پکر یا وصله لوله مغزی، مشکل تولید آب اضافی را کاملاً برطرف می‌کنند. کاربرد پکرها برای هدایت جریان مواد شیمیایی تزریق‌شده به لایه‌های مورد نظر و جلوگیری از ورود سیال به‌داخل سازند تولیدی، بیشتر از حالت استفاده به‌صورت مستقل است. استفاده از سیلاب‌زنی بسپار در بین شرکت‌های نفتی بسیار رایج‌تر از سایر روش‌های شیمیایی است. سامانه‌‌های بسپاری به تغییر شیمیایی و جذب سطحی روی حفره‌ها برای دست‌یابی به کنترل آب‌دهی متکی هستند. جذب سطحی لایۀ بسپاری برای کاهش شعاع حفره، منشأ اصلی سازوکار کنترل آب‌دهی به‌صورت شیمیایی است. بسپارهای مصنوعی هم‌چون پلی‌اکریل آمید و پلی‌اکریل آمید آبکافت‌شده به‌دلیل ارزان‌تر بودن، دست‌رسی آسان‌تر و عملکرد بهتر در شرایطی که شوری آب کم است، می‌توانند در کاهش تراوایی نقش داشته باشند. برای شرایط شوری زیاد آب باید از زیست‌بسپارها استفاده کرد. این دسته از بسپارها نسبت‌به تخریب مکانیکی حساس نیستند؛ اما گران‌تر از بسپارهای مصنوعی‌اند. انواع بسپارهای مورد استفاده برای این منظور مقایسه شده‌اند. در نهایت بر اساس ویژگی‌های مخزن و اقتصادیبودن عملیات، بسپار مناسب انتخاب می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of Recent Studies on Water Shut-off Methods in Oil Wells

نویسندگان [English]

  • saber moghaddam
  • Mohammad Reza Moghbeli
Iran University of Science and Technology
چکیده [English]

Excess water production is one of the main problems of oil companies, which reduce the longevity wells, increases corrosion and destruction of facilities. Also, the cost of separation, refining and disposal is a high cost for oil companies. Therefore, water shut-off operations are essential. There are various mechanical and chemical methods to solve the problem that this article reviews and examines these methods. Chemical methods as opposed to mechanical methods instead of clogging the water above or below a plug, packer or patch of the brain tube, it completely eliminates the problem of excess water production. The application of packers to direct the flow of chemicals injected into the desired layers and prevent fluid from entering the production formation, is more than the use mode independently. Polymer flooding is much more common among oil companies than other chemical methods. Polymer systems rely on chemical modification and adsorption on pores to achieve flow control. Adsorption of the polymer layer to reduce the pore radius is the main source of chemical water shut off mechanism. Synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide can reduce permeability due to their lower cost, easier access, and better performance in low water salinity conditions. Biopolymers should be used for high water salinity conditions. These polymers are not sensitive to mechanical degradation but are more expensive than synthetic polymers. The types of polymers used for this purpose have been compared. Finally, based on the characteristics of the reservoir and the economics of the operation, the appropriate polymer is selected.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Shut-Off
  • Mechanical Methods
  • Chemical Methods
  • Polymer

 

[1]        Taha, A., Amani, M., "Overview of water shutoff operations in oil and gas wells; chemical and mechanical solutions", ChemEngineering, Vol. 3,
p 51, (2019).
[2]        Liu, Y., Bai, B., Wang, Y., "Applied technologies and prospects of conformance control treatments in China", Oil & Gas Science and Technology–Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 65, pp. 859-878, (2010).
[3]        Liao, J., "Gel treatment field application survey for water shut off in production wells", Missouri University of Science and Technology, (2014)
[4]        Veil, J., "Produced water volumes and management in 2017—an update", proceedings of GWPC Annual Forum. Oklahoma city, OK, (2019).
[5]        Bailey, B., Crabtree, M., Tyrie, J., Elphick, J., Kuchuk, F., Romano, C., Roodhart, L., "Water control", Oilfield review, Vol. 12, pp. 30-51, (2000).
[6]        Nazari Aliabad, A., Derakhshi, M., Simjoo, M., Felahat, R., Chahardoli, M., "A Review of the Process of Controlling Excess Water Production in Oil Fields", proceedings of Third International Conference on Oil, Gas, Petrochemicals and HSE,
In Persian (2019).
[7]        Kuchuk, F., Sengul, M., Zeybek, M., "Oilfield water: A vital resource", Middle East Well Evaluation Review, Vol. 11, (1999).
[8]        Kuchuk, F., Zeybek, M., Sengul, M., "Schlumberger Middle East Well Evaluation Review", (1999).
[9]        Kuchuk, F., Sengul, M., "The challenge of water control", Middle East Well Evaluation Review, Vol. 22, (1999).
[10]      Elphick, J., Seright, R., "A Classification of Water Problem Types", proceedings of the Petroleum Network Education Conference's 3rd Annual International Conference on Reservoir Conformance Profile Modification, Water and Gas Shutoff, Houston, (1997).
[11]      Seright, R., Lane, R., Sydansk, R., "A strategy for attacking excess water production", SPE Production & Facilities, Vol. 18, pp. 158-169, (2003).
[12]      Joseph, A., Ajienka, J., "A review of water shutoff treatment strategies in oil fields", proceedings of Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, OnePetro, (2010).
[13]      Reynolds, R. R., Kiker, R. D., "Produced water and associated issues", Oklahoma Geological Survey, (2003).
[14]      Jaripatke, O., Dalrymple, D., "Water-control management technologies: a review of successful chemical technologies in the last two decades", proceedings of SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control, OnePetro, (2010).
[15]      Chaperon, I., "Theoretical study of coning toward horizontal and vertical wells in anisotropic formations: subcritical and critical rates", proceedings of SPE annual technical conference and exhibition, OnePetro, (1986).
[16]      Seright, R., Brattekas, B., "Water shutoff and conformance improvement: an introduction", Petroleum Science, pp. 1-29, (2021).
[17]      Alfarge, D. K., Wei, M., Bai, B., "Numerical simulation study of factors affecting relative permeability modification for water-shutoff treatments", Fuel, Vol. 207, pp. 226-239, (2017).
[18]      Farhadi, A., Primera, A., Aponte, J., Centeno, M., "Feasibility Study on Offshore Polymer Flooding, Forecasting Production Through Integrated Asset Modelling, A Technical and Economic Approach", SPE Review London, (2015).
[19]      Kabir, A., "Chemical water & gas shutoff technology-An overview", proceedings of SPE Asia Pacific Improved Oil Recovery Conference, OnePetro, (2001).
[20]      Bedaiwi, E., Al-Anazi, B. D., Al-Anazi, A. F., Paiaman, A. M., "Polymer injection for water production control through permeability alteration in fractured reservoir", Nafta, Vol. 60, pp. 221-231, (2009).
[21]      Offenbacher, M., Gadiyar, B., Messler, D., Krishnamoorthy, S. -R., Abasher, D., "Swellable Packer Fluids Designed for Zonal Isolation in Openhole Completions", proceedings of SPE European Formation Damage Conference and Exhibition, OnePetro, (2015).
[22]      Xindi, S., Baojun, B., "Comprehensive review of water shutoff methods for horizontal wells", Petroleum Exploration and Development, Vol. 44,
pp. 1022-1029, (2017).
[23]      Bybee, K., "Unique rigless casing leak repair", Journal of petroleum technology, Vol. 53, pp. 28-29, (2001).
[24]      Armenta, M., Alghamdi, A. H., Hajji, A. A., "Applications of Mechanical External Casing Packer", proceedings of SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, (2007).
[25]      Li, R., "Study on Water Plugging Technology Outside Drivepipe of Oil Well", proceedings of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, Vol. 804; p 022048, (2021).
[26]      Sharma, P., Kudapa, V. K., "Study on the effect of cross-linked gel polymer on water shutoff in oil wellbores", Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 48, pp. 1103-1106, (2022).
[27]      Sagbana, P. I., Abushaikha, A. S., "A comprehensive review of the chemical-based conformance control methods in oil reservoirs", Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 2233-2257, (2021).
[28]      Ahmadi, M., Rasaei, M., Hemmati, M., Mousavi, A., "Study on the Use of Polymer Gels to Reduce the Water Shutoff in Oil and GasReservoirs", proceedings of First International Conference on Oil, Gas, Petrochemicals and Power Plants, In Persian (2012).
[29]      Behrang, M., Behrang, M., "Investigation of the Use of Polymer Gels to Water Shutoff Control in Oil and Gas Wells", proceedings of The first national conference on new technologies in the oil and gas industry, In Persian (2011).
[30]      Heidari, A., Vafaei Sefti, M., Mohajeri, A., "Use of Silicate Gels to Control Water Production in Oil Reservoirs", proceedings of Third National Conference and First International Conference on Applied Research in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, In Persian (2017).