مروری بر رسوب آسفالتین و روش های جلوگیری از تشکیل آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی دانشگاه صنعت نفت اهواز

2 دانشیار مهندسی نفت دانشگاه صنعت نفت

چکیده

آسفالتین‌ها ترکیباتی سنگین در نفت هستند که در نرمال آلکان‌ها همانند نرمال هپتان حل نمی‌شوند ولی در ترکیبات آروماتیک همانند بنزن و تولوئن حل می شوند. معمولاً تغییر در شرایط عملیاتی مانند دما ، فشار و ترکیب نفت مخزن منجر به رسوب آسفالتین می‌شود. آسفالتین‌ها با رسوب در محیط متخلخل، چاه، لوله‌ها و وسایل سطحی خسارت‌های بسیار زیادی به بار می‌آورند. به منظور جلوگیری و یا به تأخیر انداختن تشکیل رسوب آسفالتین در شرایط و محل‌های مختلف پیش‌بینی نقطۀ تشکیل رسوب و مقدار رسوب بسیار ضروری و حائز اهمیت است. دما و فشار و دبی شرایط عملیاتی هستند که با تغییر هر کدام، می‌توان میزان رسوب تشکیل‌شده را کم و یا تشدید کرد. تنها راه حل موجود در دنیای صنعتی امروز برای جلوگیری از تشکیل رسوب آسفالتین استفاده از مواد شیمیایی و بازدارنده‌هاست که دانستن سازوکارهای رسوب نیز بسیار دارای اهمیت است. ما در این مقالۀ مروری، به ساختمان آسفالتین، شرایط تشکیل رسوب، آزمایش‌های مربوط به رسوب، سازوکارهای رسوب‌گذاری و بازدارنده‌ها پرداخته‌ایم. هدف اصلی مقاله آشنایی کلی با رسوب آسفالتین و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر تشکیل رسوب و به کارگیری دانش برای جلوگیری از تشکیل رسوب آسفالتین با رویکرد استفاده از بازدارنده‌هاست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Overview of Asphaltene Precipitation and Methods to Prevent its Formation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Moeini 1
  • S. Ashoori 2
1 Petroleum University of Technology
2 Petroleum University of Technology
چکیده [English]

Asphaltenes are heavy components in oil that do not dissolve in normal alkanes like normal heptane but can be soluble in aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene. Usually changes in operating conditions such as temperature, pressure and fluid composition lead to asphaltene precipitation. Asphaltenes cause a lot of damage by depositing in porous media, wells, pipes and surface equipment. In order to prevent or postpone the formation of asphaltene precipitation in different conditions and places, it is very necessary and important to predict the onset point and the amount of precipitation. Temperature, pressure and flow rate are operating conditions that by changing each, the amount of precipitation can be reduced or intensified. The only solution in the industrial world to postpone asphaltene precipitation is to use chemicals and inhibitors, which is very important to know the mechanisms of deposition. In this review paper, the structure of asphaltene, deposition conditions, experiments of asphaltene precipitation, deposition mechanisms and inhibitors are discussed. The main purpose of this article is general acquaintance with asphaltene precipitation and the factors affecting deposition and applying knowledge to prevent the formation of asphaltene precipitation with the approach of using and applying inhibitors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Asphaltene
  • Asphaltene Onset Pressure
  • Formation Damage
  • Inhibitors

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مهندسی شیمی ایران
دوره 20، شماره 116
مرداد و شهریور 1400
صفحه 21-35

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