مروری بر فناوری جداسازی آب از نفت در ته چاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران

چکیده

فناوری جداسازی ته چاهی در دهه 1990 ظهور کرد که به‌وسیلۀ آن جریانی غنی از گاز و نفت در سطح تولید می‌شود، در حالی‌که جریانی غنی از آب به سازند‌های زیرین تزریق شده، هرگز به سطح منتقل نمی‌شود و در صورتی‌که به تولید آن نیاز باشد، می‌توان آن‌را به‌صورت مجزا تولید کرد. در صنعت این ابزار با عنوان جداسازهای آب و نفت1 و آب و گاز2 شناخته می‌شود. چرخه‌های آبی مایع- مایع جزء اصلی سامانۀ جداسازی آب و نفت ته‌چاهی است. در این مطالعه، بررسی جامعی در ارتباط با فناوری جداسازی ته‌چاهی ارائه
و برتری‌ها، پیش‌نیازها و کاستی‌های این فناوری معرفی شده‌اند. این‌مطالعه همچنین داده‌هایی مفید از مطالعات انجام‌شده بر روی تعدادی از میدان‌ها و مناطق عملیاتی و شرکت‌های دارای این فناوری در اختیار محققان قرار می­دهد. طبق بررسی‌های انجام‌شده در این‌مطالعه، نصب موفقیت‌آمیز سامانۀ
DOWS از نظر فنی و اقتصادی زمانی امکان‌پذیر است که همۀ مؤلفه‌های مورد نیاز به‌طور دقیق ارزیابی شوند؛ در این‌صورت از هزینه‌های کنترل آب، تولید و پالایش آن و از حجم تسهیلات سر چاهی کاسته می‌شود که برای مناطق دریایی و دور از دسترس بسیار مناسب است. افزون براین، فن DOWS برای جداسازی نفت­های سنگین بسیار دشوار است؛ چرا که اختلاف چگالی بالایی بین آب و نفت در این‌حالت وجود خواهد داشت. نسبت آب به نفت باید بالا باشد به‌طوری‌که فاز غالب آب باشد. سازندگان جداسازهای چرخۀ آبی پیشنهاد می‌کنند که کسر آب بیش از 75% باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Review on Downhole Oil-Water Separation Technology

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. H. Sarikhani
  • F. Ameli
Iran University of Science and Technology
چکیده [English]

Down-hole separation technology emerged in the 1990s through which a stream of gas and oil is produced at surface, while a stream of water is injected into the bottom formations and is never transported to the surface, and if needed, it is produced, separately. These systems are known as downhole oil-water and gas-water separation technologies. Hydro cyclones are one of the main components of this separation system. In this study, a comprehensive study has been presented on downhole separation technologies as well as the benefits, requirements and limitations of this technology. This study also provides useful data for the researchers on a number of fields and operational areas and companies owning this technology. According to the results of the present study, successful installations of DOWS system is technically and economically feasible while all the required parameters are accurately evaluated, leading to reducing the costs of water control, production and treatment, and limited surface facilities which is suitable for offshore fields. In addition, application of DOWS system is difficult for separating heavy oil because of the high density difference between water and oil. The water oil ratio should be high so that the dominant phase is water. Manufacturers of hydrocyclone separators recommend water fraction of more than 75%.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Downhole Separation
  • Oil-Water Separators
  • Hdrocyclones
 
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