اصول الکتروشیمی پیل سوختی پلیمری و عوامل مؤثر بر عملکرد آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

استادیار مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

مجموعۀ الکترود غشا (MEA) واحد کلیدی از سلول‌های سوختی غشای تبادل پروتون است. مواد، ساختارها، اجزا و فناوری‌‌های ساخت MEA تأثیرهایی قوی بر عمل‌کرد پیل سوختی مربوطه دارند. به‌طور خاص، لایه‌های کاتالیست، جایی‌که واکنش‌های الکتروشیمیایی انجام می‌شود، مهم‌ترین اجزای MEA هستند. در چند دهۀ گذشته، برای توسعۀ پیل‌های سوختی پلیمری با کارایی بالا بسیار تلاش شده است. عمل‌کرد MEA با لایه‌های کاتالیست پیشرفته، به‌طور چشم‌گیری با استفاده از روش‌های گوناگون ساخت، تغییر ساختار لایۀ کاتالیست و استفاده از اجزای مختلف، بهبود یافته است. در طول بهینه‌سازی عمل‌کرد پیل سوختی پلیمری، نحوۀ ارزیابی لایه‌های کاتالیزور و MEA مربوط به آن‌ها حیاتی می‌شود. هدف اصلی چنین ارزیابی‌ای، درک رابطۀ بین عمل‌کرد پیل سوختی و ساختارها/ترکیبات اجزای مجموعۀ الکترود غشاست. بر اساس این درک، بهینه‌سازی لایۀ کاتالیزور/MEA با توجه به عمل‌کرد می‌تواند از نظر مواد به‌کار رفته، ترکیبات اجزا و شاخص‌های ساخت انجام شود. با بهینه‌سازی لایه‌های کاتالیست و MEAها، می‌توان استفاده از کاتالیزور را بهبود بخشید؛ پتانسیل مازاد نفوذ گاز را کاهش داد و تلفات اهمی غشا را کم کرد، در حالی‌که مدیریت آب درون لایه‌های کاتالیست/MEAs نیز می‌تواند بهبود یابد. بنابراین، ارزیابی لایۀ کاتالیست/MEA یک گام ضروری در توسعۀ پیل سوختی است. بر این اساس، بسیاری از روش‌های الکتروشیمیایی برای ارزیابی عمل‌کرد لایۀ کاتالیست/MEA توسعه یافته‌اند. در این مقالۀ مروری، اصول و روش‌های ارزیابی لایۀ کاتالیست/MEA با جزئیات تحلیل‌ها معرفی شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Electrochemical Fundamentals of Polymer Fuel Cells and Factors Affecting its Performance

نویسنده [English]

  • Maryam Yaldagard
Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University
چکیده [English]

The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is a key unit of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The MEA materials, structures, components and fabrication technologies have strong effects on the corresponding fuel cell performance. In particular, the catalyst layers, where the electrochemical reactions take place, are the most important components. Over the past several decades, many efforts have been made to develop high performance PEM fuel cells. MEA performance with advanced catalyst layers has been significantly improved by employing different fabrication methods, changing the catalyst layer structures, and using different components. During PEM fuel cell performance optimization, how to evaluate catalyst layers and their corresponding MEAs becomes critical. The major purpose of such an evaluation is to understand
the relationship between fuel cell performance and MEA component structures/compositions. Based on this understanding, catalyst layer/MEA optimization with respect to performance can be carried out in terms of materials used, component compositions, and fabrication parameters. Through optimizing the catalyst layers and MEAs, catalyst utilization can be improved, gas diffusion overpotential reduced, and membrane ohmic losses decreased, while water management inside the catalyst layers/MEAs can also be improved. Therefore, catalyst layer/MEA evaluation is a necessary step in fuel cell development. Accordingly, many electrochemical methods have been developed to evaluate the performance of the catalyst layer/MEA. In this review paper, the principles and methods of catalyst layer/MEA evaluation have been introduced, with some detailed analysis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electrochemical Evaluation methods
  • Catalyst layer
  • Membrane Electrode Assembly
  • Polymer Fuel Cells

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مهندسی شیمی ایران
دوره 21، شماره 125 - شماره پیاپی 125
بهمن و اسفند 1401
صفحه 22-56

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