مروری بر گرفتگی زیستی در غشاهای اسمز معکوس جهت نمک‌زدایی آب دریا

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران

چکیده

یکی از مشکلات اساسی که واحدهای نمک­زدایی از آب دریا، به‌ویژه واحدهای اسمز معکوس با آن روبه­رو هستند مشکل گرفتگی و تشکیل زیست‌لایه (بیوفیلم) می­باشد. گرفتگی زیستی در اثر اتصال و رشد ریزاندام­ها بر سطح غشاء ایجاد می‌شود. گرفتگی غشاء سبب افزایش افت فشار دوسوی غشاء و درنتیجه افزایش میزان انرژی مصرفی، کاهش کارآیی و کاهش عمر غشاء می­شود. به‌طور خاص، گرفتگی زیستی سبب کاهش در شار آب، افزایش عبور نمک و افزایش تخریب زیستی غشاء می‌گردد. از این­رو، کاهش و یا حذف گرفتگی و گرفتگی زیستی جهت کاهش سرویس دوره­ای غشاء مورد توجه است. از بین انواع مختلف گرفتگی، کنترل و پایش گرفتگی زیستی دشواری­های بیشتری دارد؛ زیرا ریزاندام­ها و مواد آلی طبیعی که عامل گرفتگی زیستی هستند در شرایط مختلف، رفتار متفاوتی از خود نشان‌می­دهند. در این‌مقالۀ مروری، نحوۀ تشکیل زیست‌لایه و شاخص‌های مؤثر در آن، روش­های متداول و نوین پایش و پیشگیری از ایجاد گرفتگی زیستی بررسی شده‌است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Membranes: A Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Baniamerian
  • S. Shokrollahzadeh
  • M. Safavi
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
چکیده [English]

Biofouling is one of the major problems in seawater membrane processes, especially in reverse osmosis (RO) plants. Biofouling occurs as a result of the attachment and growth of microorganisms onto the membrane. Fouling increases the pressure drop across the membrane and consequently increases the energy consumption, decreases the efficiency and shortens the life time of the RO membrane. In particular, biofouling causes a decline in water flux, an increase in salt passage and an increase in biodegradation of the membrane. There is an interest to eliminate or reduce the potential of scaling and biofouling on membranes to minimize cleaning frequency. Monitoring and control of biofouling is the most difficult issue among the other types of fouling, because microorganisms and organic matters that are responsible for biofouling behave differently under different conditions. In this review article, biofilm formation and its effective parameters, conventional and novel methods of monitoring and prevention of biofouling are investigated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofouling
  • Biofilm
  • Microorganism
  • Seawater Pre-Treatment
  • Reverse Osmosis Membrane
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